In recent years, the emergence of aggressive unilateral policies has raised significant concerns within the global community. The foreign policy maneuvers of former President Trump—such as proposals to invade Greenland and Mexico as well as the suggestion to annex copyright as the 51st state—constitute a direct threat to international stability

The American nuclear umbrella and nuclear forces have protected Europe for decades, serving as the ultimate assurance and guarantee against a Russian invasion. This easy ride on security assurances for Europe made it easier for it to focus deeper on its economic and trade needs, and pivoting to Africa and Asia. However, even this is ineffective, wi

The energy transition serves both environmental protection needs and geopolitical system changes worldwide. The transition has restructured worldwide political structures through new power alliances, it has established complex networks of reliance and exposure, and it generates mixed results from collaborative work and confrontational actions. Coun

Sustainable energy development heavily relies on essential minerals that include lithium, cobalt nickel, and rare earth elements because these elements enable battery production electric vehicle manufacturing and renewable energy infrastructure development. The geopolitical influence of mineral supply chains intensifies because most foreign supply

Designing the list of green goods and services that should be covered by the green trade arrangement is the first step that is needed. An initial study by the Institute of Finance and Sustainability (IFS) suggests that this list could include a few dozen categories and a few hundred products and services. Demonstrating the economic benefits of a gr